外观
定语从句
约 451 字大约 2 分钟
2026-04-07
定语从句
定语从句修饰名词,放在被修饰的名词后面。
中考频率:⭐⭐⭐ 高频。that/which/who 的选择是语法选择常考点,"只用 that 的六种情况"是高频陷阱。阅读理解中识别定语从句有助于理清修饰关系。
基本结构
先行词 + 关系词 + 从句(陈述语序)
the book that I bought yesterday关系词分类
| 关系词 | 指代 | 在从句中充当 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|---|
| that | 人/物 | 主语/宾语 | the book that I read |
| which | 物 | 主语/宾语 | the book which is on the desk |
| who | 人 | 主语 | the boy who is standing there |
| whom | 人 | 宾语 | the boy whom I met |
| whose | 人/物 | 定语(……的) | the boy whose father is a doctor |
| when | 时间 | 状语 | the day when we met |
| where | 地点 | 状语 | the place where I grew up |
| why | 原因 | 状语 | the reason why I left |
高频考点:只用 that 的六种情况
| 情况 | 示例 |
|---|---|
| 先行词被最高级修饰 | the best book that I've read |
| 先行词被序数词修饰 | the first thing that I did |
| 先行词是 all, everything, nothing 等 | all that I know |
| 先行词被 the only, the very 修饰 | the only person that can help |
| 先行词既有人又有物 | the man and the dog that ... |
| 主句以 who/which 开头 | Who is the man that is talking? |
关系词可省略的情况
当关系词在从句中作宾语时可以省略:
- the book (that) I bought ✅
- the boy (who/whom) I met ✅
- the book that is on the desk ❌(作主语,不能省)
考点速查
| 考试题型 | 常见考点 |
|---|---|
| 语法选择 | that vs which;关系词选择;只用 that 的情况 |
| 选词填空 | 名词后可能需要关系词 |
| 阅读理解 | 识别定语从句→理解修饰关系 |
| 写作 | who/which/that 合并简单句→复合句 |
